• An Economic Reform Proposal
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Economic Reform

~ Public borrowing places a burden on future generations.

Economic Reform

Category Archives: ENGLISH

Petition

23 Friday Jan 2015

Posted by Kostas Vogias in ENGLISH

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PROPOSALS

The same banks that caused the financial crisis currently have the power to create 97% of the UK’s money. They’ve used this power recklessly, putting most of the money they create into property bubbles and financial markets. And now they’re back to their old ways.
We need a change. The power to create money should only be used in the public interest, in a democratic, transparent and accountable way. The 1844 law that makes it illegal for anyone other than the Bank of England to create paper money should be updated to apply to the electronic money currently created by banks.
When new money is created, it should be used to fund vital public services or provide finance to businesses, creating jobs where they’re needed, instead of being used to push up house prices or speculate on the financial markets.

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An economic reform proposal

23 Friday Jan 2015

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PROPOSALS, THEORY

Having in mind that:

i. Despite of the increasing number of national and international financial institutions, the increasing amount of the available statistical data and computing power, economic crises are not predicted by governments, central banks and the academic community.
ii. The effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy tools in an economy decreases over time. Just like in the human body, over time the same dose of a medicine or a drug has a diminishing effect.
iii. The complexity of the economic environment (of the theoretical models, of the institutions, of the financial products and of the attempts to regulate them) has led to an increasing level of national and private debt in almost every country and in increasing the concentration of wealth of the top 1% of the population.
iv. To simplify economic environment would be of great value to the society and the policy maker.

It is proposed that a sovereign currency*, public debt repayment with sovereign currency** and full reserve banking***, followed by balanced budgets in the public sector would be beneficial to the Greek, the European and the world economy.

* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_sovereignty
and http://sovereignmoney.eu/35-defining-the-monetary-prerogative/
** http://www.themoneymasters.com/monetary-reform-act/
*** http://www.positivemoney.org/2011/07/what-exactly-is-full-reserve-banking-2/
and https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=26178.0

REGULATION (EU) No 472/2013

16 Friday Jan 2015

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PROPOSALS

The debt that Greece is expected to pay is equivalent to 175% of annual national wealth, and is an intolerable burden for the Greek people.

What would happen if a greek government decided to apply, to the letter, Article 7 of a regulation adopted by the European Union in May 2013 “on the strengthening of economic and budgetary surveillance of Member States in the euro area experiencing or threatened with serious difficulties with respect to their financial stability”, concerning countries subject to a structural adjustment plan, including in particular Greece, Portugal and Cyprus.

Paragraph 9 of Article 7 maintains that States subject to structural adjustment should carry out a complete order of public debt in order to explain why indebtedness increased so sharply and to identify any irregularities. Here is the text in full: “A Member State subject to a macroeconomic adjustment programme shall carry out a comprehensive audit of its public finances in order, inter alia, to assess the reasons that led to the building up of excessive levels of debt as well as to track any possible irregularity”.

REGULATION (EU) No 472/2013

On Central Banks

12 Monday Jan 2015

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PROPOSALS

In order to become effective, central banks must be enabled to be true masters of the money system. They need to gain full control of the money by way of monetary quantity policy. No quantity policy is possible, however, as long as the banking industry dominates the monetary system and determines the entire stock of money, while money and capital markets inherently fail to reach some ‘equilibrium’ and self-limitation. In conclusion, banks must stop acting as monetary quasi-authorities and become purely financial institutions, meaning that the banking industry must be stripped of its monetary power to create and delete money-on-account by creating or deleting primary credit. Banks ought to be free lending and investment enterprises, but just money intermediaries in this without the illegitimate privilege of conducting business on the basis of self-created money.

In the nineteenth century, and for much the same reasons, banks were stripped of their power to issue private banknotes. The monopoly of banknotes was given over to the central banks, many of which were set up in the process. Now the time is ripe for the same to be applied to money-on-account. Bank money should be phased out and central-bank money in public circulation in the form of money-on-account and e-cash phased in, resulting in a sovereign money system with full control of the stock of money. In this way, a state’s, or a community of states’, monetary prerogatives of the currency (unit of account), the money (means of payments) and the seigniorage (gain from creating money) would be fully completed. Independent public central banks – acting on a well-defined legal mandate, but not taking directives from the government – are the obvious candidates for being entrusted with the functions related to the monetary prerogatives.

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What is Full Reserve Banking?

12 Monday Jan 2015

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THEORY

The definition of full reserve banking can be a source of much confusion and consternation. The confusion revolves around the definition of “reserve ratio”. Normally, the reserve ratio is defined approximately as follows:

‘

Reserve ratio  =

The money held by the bank


The money deposited in the bank by its customers

It is easy to see that the higher the reserve ratio, the smaller the risk of a bank run. With a ratio of 100% this means that even if every single customer demanded to take out their money, the bank will have it all available. This is clearly a very safe form of banking, but as described so far, the bank would simply be acting like a safe deposit box. It would not be able to make any loans. It appears that banks can not act as financial intermediaries between savers and borrowers. Indeed there are some economists that have pronounced that full reserve banking is useless for precisely this reason… but they are mistaken and here’s why:In the context of a full reserve banking system, we need to be slightly more precise about the meaning of the reserve ratio.

‘

Reserve ratio  =

The money held by the bank


The money that the customers currently 

have the legal right to withdraw

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The Chicago Plan Revisited

12 Monday Jan 2015

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PROPOSALS, THEORY

IMF Working Paper, Research Department

Prepared by Jaromir Benes and Michael Kumhof, August 2012

Abstract

At the height of the Great Depression a number of leading U.S. economists advanced a proposal for monetary reform that became known as the Chicago Plan. It envisaged the separation of the monetary and credit functions of the banking system, by requiring 100% reserve backing for deposits. Irving Fisher (1936) claimed the following advantages for this plan:

(1) Much better control of a major source of business cycle fluctuations, sudden increases and contractions of bank credit and of the supply of bank-created money.
(2) Complete elimination of bank runs.
(3) Dramatic reduction of the (net) public debt.
(4) Dramatic reduction of private debt, as money creation no longer requires simultaneous debt creation.

We study these claims by embedding a comprehensive and carefully calibrated model of the banking system in a DSGE model of the U.S. economy. We find support for all four of Fisher’s claims. Furthermore, output gains approach 10%, and steady state inflation can drop to zero without posing problems for the conduct of monetary policy.

The Chicago Plan Revisited

Money Creation in the UK

08 Thursday Jan 2015

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PROPOSALS, THEORY

Right now most of the money in our economy is created by banks. Banks create up to 97% of money, in the form of the numbers in your bank account, when they make loans. This means that they effectively decide a) how much money there is in the economy, and b) where that money goes.

The control of the creation of money, in the hands of banks, has contributed to the problems of:

  • unaffordable housing
  • high unemployment
  • high personal debt
  • growing inequality
  • high government debt
  • financial crisis and economic instability

We believe the power to create money must be removed from the banks that caused the financial crisis and returned to a democratic, transparent and accountable body. New money must only be created and used to benefit the public and society as a whole, rather than just financial sector.

We have detailed and workable proposals that would allow this to happen. Even the Financial Times has written about the need to prevent banks from being able to create money.

Money Creation in the UK

08 Thursday Jan 2015

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THEORY

More than 97% of the money used by people and businesses in the UK is created by commer- cial, or ‘high-street’, banks. Less than 3% is created by the state or central banks (such as the Bank of England). A similar situation exists in most countries around the world.

Banks create new money, in the form of the numbers (deposits) that appear in bank accounts, through the accounting process used when they make loans. In the words of the Bank of England:

“When a bank makes a loan, for example to someone taking out a mortgage to buy a house, it does not typically do so by giving them thousands of pounds worth of banknotes. Instead, it credits their bank account with a bank deposit of the size of the mortgage. At that moment, new money is created.” (Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, 2014 Q1)

Conversely, when people use those deposits to repay loans, the process is reversed and money effectively disappears from the economy. As the Bank of England describes:

“Just as taking out a loan creates new money, the repayment of bank loans destroys money. … Banks making loans and consumers repaying them are the most significant ways in which bank deposits are created and destroyed in the modern economy.” (Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, 2014 Q1)

Money Creation

 Source: PositiveMoney.org

“Princes of the Yen”

28 Sunday Dec 2014

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FILM

“Princes of the Yen” reveals how Japanese society was transformed to suit the agenda and desire of powerful interest groups, and how citizens were kept entirely in the dark about this. Based on a book by Professor Richard Werner, a visiting researcher at the Bank of Japan during the 90s crash, during which the stock market dropped by 80% and house prices by up to 84%.

The film uncovers the real cause of this extraordinary period in recent Japanese history. Making extensive use of archival footage and TV appearances of Richard Werner from the time, the viewer is guided to a new understanding of what makes the world tick. And discovers that what happened in Japan almost 25 years ago is again repeating itself in Europe.

 Film website                      Positive Money

An Economic Reform

27 Saturday Dec 2014

Posted by Kostas Vogias in ENGLISH

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Public borrowing should take place only based on the assumption that politicians act wisely and solely for the benefit of the people. But in the case of Greece, as in many other countries, government borrowing has only created a huge increase in bureaucracy, inefficiency and corruption.

Government borrowing is identical with future taxation and is very hard to justify that a government, which is elected for a four years term, have the right to impose taxation that goes beyond that period.

The Monetary Reform Act that is presented at: http://www.themoneymasters.com/monetary-reform-act/, with some ramifications, is a good road map for resolving the greek debt crisis and a first step towards full-reserve banking in eurozone.

In order to make this idea easier to be approved in the eurozone, we propose that Greece should pay back the money that will be used to repay the greek debt, only in the case and in advance of any future greek government borrowing.

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